From 'Nine in the Fifth Line says' to 'each follows its own kind.' Sub-commentary: This clarifies the meaning of Nine in the Fifth Line.
'Flying dragon in the heavens' means Heaven broadly stirs all things and all things respond, which is why it is 'beneficial to see the great man.'
Because the great man and all things resonate mutually, the text details various mutual resonances among creatures, concluding with the Sage arising and all things beholding him.
'Notes of the same tone resonate together': like striking the gong note and other gong strings vibrating, or plucking the jue note and other jue strings responding. 'Things of the same qi seek one another out': like pillar bases turning moist when rain is imminent.
These two represent mutual resonance of sound and qi. 'Water flows toward dampness, fire turns toward dryness': these two represent mutual attraction through physical form. Water poured on the ground flows first toward damp spots; fire catching brushwood burns dry branches first.
Water and fire are inanimate, yet resonate according to their qi; the text begins by illustrating these natural things.
'Clouds follow the dragon, wind follows the tiger': the dragon is a water creature, and clouds are water vapor; when a dragon roars, auspicious clouds gather—this is 'clouds follow the dragon.'
The tiger is a fierce beast, and wind is a stirring qi; when a tiger roars, valley winds arise—this is 'wind follows the tiger.' These two illustrate animate creatures resonating with the inanimate, progressing toward the conscious realm.
'When the Sage arises, all things behold him' directly interprets 'flying dragon in the heavens; it is beneficial to see the great man': 'the Sage arises' corresponds to the flying dragon in the heavens; 'all things behold him' corresponds to it being beneficial to see the great man.
The preceding examples illustrate resonance between conscious beings: the Sage possesses the virtue of giving life and nurturing, while all things possess the instinct to live and be nurtured; hence they resonate mutually.
'What is rooted in Heaven cleaves to what is above; what is rooted in Earth cleaves to what is below' broadens this mutual resonance between Heaven and Earth. Master Zhuang says: 'Heaven and Earth blend in fertile harmony, uniting the two qi to generate all things.'
Some creatures receive more celestial qi, while others receive more terrestrial qi; thus the Rites of Zhou speaks of 'celestial products' and 'terrestrial products,' and 'animals' and 'plants.'
Animals endowed with spirit draw qi from Heaven; as Heaven's body moves, living animals move, cleaving to what is above. Inanimate plants receive qi from the earth; as the earth is still, plants remain rooted without moving, cleaving to what is below.
'Each follows its own kind' means that between Heaven and Earth, all things resonate according to their nature and category.
Resonance also occurs between different categories, such as a lodestone attracting needles, amber picking up mustard seeds, silk strings snapping when silkworms spin, or bronze bells in Luoyang tolling when Mount Tong collapses; such instances are too numerous to recount, all stemming from spontaneous natural principle.
Resonance (gǎn) is the stirring impulse; response (yìng) is the answering manifestation. Resonance may occur across vast reaches of time, as when the capture of the lin unicorn under the Zhou prefigured the rise of Gaozu of Han, or yellow stars in the Han prefigured Cao Cao.
Mutual resonance is vast, and this commentary merely outlines its great principles.