From 'The Tuan says: Enthusiasm, firmness is responded to and the will is carried out' to 'great indeed.'
The Zhengyi commentary states: 'In Enthusiasm, firmness is responded to and the will is carried out; moving in compliance is Enthusiasm'—'firmness' refers to Nine in the Fourth Place; 'responded to' refers to Six at the Beginning.
Since yin and yang respond to each other, 'the will is carried out.' This explains the meaning of Enthusiasm in terms of the lines. Moving in compliance: Kūn is below, which is compliance; Zhèn is above, which is movement. Moving in compliance, it is therefore Enthusiasm.
This clarifies the meaning of Enthusiasm through the two component images. From here upward, the principle of the Enthusiasm hexagram is explained.
'Moving in joyful enthusiasm and compliance, even Heaven and Earth act accordingly; how much more so in establishing feudatories and mobilizing armies!' explains 'advantageous to establish feudatories and mobilize armies.'
If the sage moves with harmonious compliance, matching the virtue of Heaven and Earth, then Heaven and Earth also act just as the sage does.
Heaven and Earth are exalted, vast, and distant, their spiritual powers profound and formidable, yet they still act accordingly—how much more so in establishing feudatories and marching with armies in punitive campaigns! Once the difficult follows, the easy is evident.
If 'establishing feudatories' can move in compliance, the people will follow. If 'mobilizing armies' can move in compliance, the multitude will follow. Heaven and Earth move in compliance, so the sun and moon do not exceed their measures, and the four seasons do not err.
From here downward, the efficacy of the compliant movement of Heaven and Earth and the sage is broadly expounded.
If Heaven and Earth move in compliance, the sun and moon do not err in their deviations, adhering to their shadow measures, and the four seasons do not undergo abnormal shifts, cold and heat arriving in their proper times.
'When the sage moves in compliance, punishments are clear and the people submit' means that when the sage is able to move in accord with principle and compliance, he does not pardon the guilty nor harm the innocent; hence 'punishments are clear.'
Punishments being in accord with principle, the people submit. 'Great indeed are the time and meaning of Enthusiasm!' praises the goodness of Enthusiasm, saying that in the time of leisure and enthusiasm, its meaning is vast indeed. This is a praise of the hexagram.
Whenever words cannot exhaust the meaning, one cannot multiply cumbersome explanations; one instead sighs in praise to express the sentiment, leading later scholars to contemplate what remains unsaid, grasping the idea and forgetting the words.
Yet praises of hexagrams have three forms: first, praising only the time, as in 'great indeed is the time of Preponderance of the Great'; second, praising the time together with the application, as in 'great indeed are the time and application of Danger'; third, praising the time together with the meaning, as in 'great indeed are the time and meaning of Enthusiasm.'
Now, the composition of each hexagram figure models its respective time. Times have difficulty and peace, and affairs do not follow a single measure; hence when lines encounter their times, there are both misfortune and good fortune.
A person living in the world is also like this: sometimes meeting an era of order, sometimes encountering an era of chaos; the way of holding oneself and retiring or serving—how could this be trivial? Hence it says 'great indeed!'
Yet though temporal fortunes are manifold, in broad terms they do not go beyond four kinds: first, times of order, such as the age of 'Nourishment'; second, times of chaos, such as the age of 'Preponderance of the Great'; third, times of dispersion, such as the age of 'Deliverance and relaxation'; fourth, times of change and reform, such as the age of 'Revolution and transformation.'
Therefore, these four hexagrams are cited for their time in praise, and the rest can be known from them. Speaking of 'application' refers to applying what is fitting for the time.
Though knowing that dwelling in difficult times is no small matter, one still needs to know how to apply it. Therefore, in the times of The Abysmal (Water), Opposition, and Obstruction, it is fitting to employ the gentleman, and the petty person should not be employed.
Using danger to achieve deliverance cannot be a constant practice; weighing and balancing what is appropriate constitutes the broad principle of applying the time. These three hexagrams of danger and obstruction are cited, and the rest follow accordingly.
Furthermore, speaking of 'meaning': the commentary to Coming to Meet states, 'Whenever meaning is mentioned, it is not exhausted by what is visible; there is a further implied significance within.' Thus each of these times possesses an inner meaning.
Briefly illustrating an era of ease and pleasure, days of following and meeting, and times of secluded retreat and wandering—five hexagrams in all whose meaning is not small—the remaining hexagrams can likewise be understood.
The twelve hexagrams now praised are sufficient to illuminate the grand meaning and broaden the subtle principles. In all, twelve hexagrams exclaim 'great indeed!' at the end of the Tuan.
Enthusiasm, The Wanderer, Retreat, and Coming to Meet, four hexagrams in total, all say 'time and meaning.' The note to Coming to Meet says: 'Whenever meaning is mentioned, it is not exhausted by what is visible; there is a further implied significance within.'
Judging by this, each of the four hexagrams has not fully exhausted its principle; there remains further meaning within that cannot be completely set forth, so it is collectively called 'meaning.'
The Following hexagram also speaks of 'meaning,' but its phrasing differs slightly from the four.
While the four all say 'time and meaning,' Following says 'the meaning of following the times,' which not only means there is a distinct significance within, but also adopts the sense of adapting and pursuing the time; hence the variation 'great indeed is the meaning of following the times!'
Opposition, Obstruction, and The Abysmal (Water), these three hexagrams, all say 'time and application.' The commentary to Opposition states: 'The time of opposition and separation is not something a petty person can employ.'
Obstruction also says 'not something a petty person can employ.' These two hexagrams say 'great indeed' because the great man is able to employ them; hence it says 'great indeed!'
Within them there is no other residual meaning, only that the great man can employ them; hence they speak of 'application' and not 'meaning.'
The Abysmal (Water)'s 'time and application' differs slightly from Opposition and Obstruction, for the note states, 'It is not a constant application; its application depends on the time.'
This means that in the dangerous matters of The Abysmal, when the time requires its application, the benefit is immense; though the words 'time and application' are identical to Opposition and Obstruction, the meaning is distinct.
The time of Deliverance, the time of Revolution, the time of Nourishment, and the time of Preponderance of the Great—these four hexagrams simply say 'time,' without mentioning 'meaning' or 'application.'
The note to Deliverance says that in the time when difficulties are untied, it is not a time of managing difficulties, so it does not speak of 'application.' Its essence is fully exhausted in the name 'Deliverance,' with nothing hidden; hence it does not say 'meaning.'
Judging from this note, those that simply state 'time' have their meaning fully exhausted upon examining the name of the hexagram, with no residual meaning left within; hence they do not speak of 'meaning.'
The matters named by those hexagrams are already accomplished and require no distinct additional application; hence Deliverance, Revolution, and Nourishment have already accomplished their deeds and do not require the word 'application.'
Only Preponderance of the Great is termed 'time,' with the note stating: 'The time for the gentleman to take action.' Its principle differs slightly from Deliverance, Revolution, and Nourishment.
Preponderance of the Great is a time of active application, yet it is also simply called 'time' because by adopting the name 'Preponderance of the Great' its meaning is fully exhausted without residual significance; hence it simply says 'time,' neither speaking of 'meaning' nor mentioning 'application.'